Utilitarianism, in essence, says that the result of every action of man is to be evaluated on the basis of the principle of utility. In fact, the distinction between hedonism and utilitarianism in these works has become blurred. In the majority of Persian works, both original and translated, utilitarianism has been taken as a synonym with hedonism, and hedonism has been construed as seeking bodily pleasure and happiness. One of the most important schools within the consequentialist normative ethics is utilitarianism, about which the present essay is concerned. If we divide ethical issues and theories into three subdivisions of descriptive, normative and analytical (meta-) ethics, surely we have to place the consequentialist and deontological theories under the rubric of normative ethics, since these theories discuss about ‘good’ and ‘bad’ conducts and concepts like ‘ought’ and ‘ought not’.
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